In this class, we are often going to use VPython to create computational models, which will serve as a powerful tool to help us create visualizations and apply the ideas in this course to more real-world contexts. Below are some of the common Python commands that we will use in this course and some coding tips compiled by previous EMP-Cubed students.

Note: we do not expect you to have any coding experience prior to this course, and we will not expect you to write a program from scratch. We will primarily be asking you to interpret chunks of code with your group members and adjust/modify pieces of code that you will be given.

• Exponents **
• Objects (box, sphere, arrow)
  • Object characteristics (pos, length, width, radius, color, etc)
• Vectors - vec()
• Magnitude - mag()
• Print - print()
• Dot Product - dot()
• Cross Product - cross()

• Watch parentheses
• Watch upper/lower cases
• Watch whitespace
• Comments